Maybe a "searched" catalog—ie displaying some, but not all of that catalog—could display a half-filled icon (as below), and an unseen catalog (no images selected/shown) would have a have a line, as I have put (or some other colour, or something).
Personally, I feel that when a catalog is created, the show-all option should be active by default, with maybe 3 toggles: 1.) show all 2.) show latest search 3.) show none. There would be no need for an actual "tick", in the check-boxes, just the three different icons relating to each status.