I've had this issue creep up on all my macs over the last few months. Every time i update the app, the shortcut in my Dock is rendered useless. I get a question mark over the icon and have to launch the app form my Applications folder.
This also happens every time the computer is restarted: shortcut has a question mark over it and i have to launch form applications folder.
See attached screen shot.
MacBook Pro 15" (2017) also happens on MacPro (2014 coffee can) and older MBP 15" purchased mid 2014.
OSX Seiera 10.12.6 on all three machines
PM 5.0, build 18729 (fc44301)